齐士钤,张家騄

• 1:中国科学院声学研究所 ,中国科学院声学研究所

摘要：

汉语普通话辅音音长是语音的基本参数之一,在语言合成、语言识别等研究中,这一参数有很大实用价值。 本测量是对七个男声、六个女声进行分析,得到普通话22个辅音的平均音长及其标准偏差。 按照测量的需要,设计了试验词表。词表是由22个词组成,每个词有两个音节,每个音节有相同的辅音,不同的元音和声调。当然,每个音节长度各不相同。这样便于考察在连读中辅音音长与所在位置、相拼元音、声调的关系;比较音长绝对值与相对值的关系。 发音人在消声室进行录音。他们绝大部分是青年,能讲纯正的普通话。通过录音,由语图仪进行分析。由于有些辅音频带宽、能量弱、作用时间短,在语图分析时使用高速档并提高放声电压和烧灼电压,使辅音部分在语图中能得到清晰的反映。 经过统计处理,得到以下几点初步结论: 1.辅音音长与送气状态有直接关系,不送气塞音最短,送气塞擦音最长。各种发音方式之间有一定的音长比值。而音长与发音部位关系不大。 2.辅音音长与声调、全音节长度关系不大,但送气塞擦音受后接元音影响,元音开口度大音长短。 3.在连读中,前后两音节中的辅音长度与所在前后位置无关。

关键词：

Abstract: The duration of consonants is one of the fundmental parameters of speech sounds. It is important both for speech synthesis and automatic speech recognition. In this paper, the duration of consonants of Putongha (standard colloquial Chinese) are found. The list of test words is composed of 22 bisyllable words. In any word, the same one consonant is used as the initial of each syllable, but the finals and tones are different. Thirteen talkers (7 males and 6 females), whose daily speaking are standard colloquial Chinese, uttered the list of test words in an anechoic chamber at normal speed and sound level individually, and recording was made by a tape recorder. The duration of consonants were measured on sonagrams. In order to get the sonagram of consonants more clearly, playback level and mark level of sonagraph were raised. Conclusions: 1. The duration of consonants mainly depends on the manner of articulation, but it is no related to the place of articulation. The average duration of unaspirated plosive is shortest, and that of the aspirated stop-fricatives is longest. It is found that there is a simple proportional relation between the duration of consonants for different manners of articulation. 2. The consonant durations are rather independent on the tone and the duration of syllable, except the aspirated stop-fricatives. Increase of the openness of the following vowel will reduce the duration of aspirated stop-fricatives. 3. In any tested bisyllable words, the consonant durations of each syllable are identical.

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